The phenomenon of street children is recent. It is claimed that Latin American countries were the first to admit that in their cities is the phenomenon of a magnitude and size, which required the attention of all concerned. However, the problem of street children is a global and exists in both developed countries and developing countries, with a difference in their size and magnitude. These countries have some kind of micro level measures of rehabilitation. But much remains to be done in this field.
Street children is a Trem - shaking uncontrollably as a result of anxiety, emotion or weakness, which often shows a certain set of living and working conditions instead of personal and social characteristics of each of the children themselves. Very often, in these circumstances the children are victims of stereotypes as “juvenile delinquents” by the public and authorities. The term “street children” should cover all children working on the streets of urban areas, without reference to the time spent there or the reasons for being there. “(National Workshop on street children, 29 and 30 August 1998)
The other terminology for street children have been using, ie < br />
“unaccompanied children”
“high-risk children”
” free children
“Children who need care and protection”
“abandoned children”
< , br /> UNICEF has called “children in difficult circumstances.”
Around the world the terminology used in street children
different ways as follows,
In Naples, “SCUGIZZO” derives from the work for spinning - principle
always more.
In Peru, the “Fruit and PAJARO rdquo (Fruit bird) earns its name with the police in the market. In Colombia
“Gamin” (son) is taken from French, but it has very negative connotations. The world itself appears in Rwanda as “SALIGOMAN (Sale gamin, Nasty boy).
In Zaire, street children “MOINEAUX” (Sparrows)
In Cameroon, “Poussins (Chicks) to field workers, Moustique “(mosquitoes) to the police. Others have proposed the term “twilight children” to suggest their fragile state and indefinite.
ruling, however, tends to be more cautious and refers to street children euphemistically as “children in an irregular situation.” Thus, the street children is a more vulnerable and high - risk group in society. According to UNICEF, which can be classified into three categories as follows.
Street children in the streets (children with contact with the family)
street children of the street ( children with occasional family contact)
abandoned and neglected children (children without family)
One of the negative consequences of urbanization in the world, particularly in developing countries is the existence of a large proportion of the urban poor living in slums and pavements many families can not find shelter. The forces of modernization, including industrialization and urbanization, coupled with the terrible condition of poverty have negatively affected family life.
illiteracy, broken family, III-treatment, the parents left, the death of parents and orphans and poverty are the key factor which led to runaway from home and living on the streets in major metropolitan cities, especially in Madras. The population of street children in chennai is about 1.00000 Most street children are dropping out of school.
Most cases that are living on the streets without having the basic needs of food in general, clothing and shelter, psychological needs of love, protection and recognition of the needs social interaction and social acceptance and maturity. They can not get the care and support of family and society.
Status of street children
The most vulnerable are children runaways living on the railway station, bus station market, sidewalks, streets and do odd jobs like collecting cloth cup collection, Coolie, begging, cleaning of rail boogies, small hotels etc. These children are on the sidewalks of the street with heaven as their home and not a cared for with love and affection.
The condition of street children is a sad reality that these populations are neglected, and abandoned to criminals. This is a new and rapidly growing group of vulnerable, deprived and exploited children in our cities.
Chennai NGO Forum of the street and working children conducted a study on street children in 1996 with UNICEF support. This survey was conducted with the following objective:
To enumerate the number of children of children who were in the street in the city of Madras.
To know the conditions of street children in the city of Madras
On the basis of the survey, it is estimated that number of street children in the city of Madras would be about 75, 000. If you include children below 6 years and adolescents on the street, people would be as high as 1.5 lakh. Were included in the survey only 6 to 18 years children.
Most of them earn a living doing odd jobs like collecting rags, trash or recycling, shining shoes, washing cars and similar. Their employers often exploit them sexually. Moreover, most of the economic activities of street children are under the control of territories, each of which is fiercely guarded by its members, which react in case of threat of violence. In this struggle for the survival of the competition is ruthless, and only the fittest survive. To survive, work for three hours a day on average in either the morning or at night, and your income meet their daily expenses. Every time they need to advance money for their expenses, which derived from waste paper to the owners of stores that sell his collection of waste only to that outlet.
store for waste paper is also the place where they stay after their work. During his leisure hours, go to the movies regularly take drugs, pills and injections for the night and have sex with TCS in a cheaper rate. This implies the risk of contracting AIDS and the spread of it. They also have the habit homosexual. The use of drugs that includes brown sugar.
Family
The majority of street children living on the street away from his family, because some of the following reasons, abuse, violence, poverty, as the family, peer group pressure, the attractions of the city life, the aversion to school, frustration, orphans and others.
These street children have no one to care for them, except with their peers living in the street. Since you are away from home and school environment, social control can only play an important role in his life in shaping the character and behavior of these children. Variations
have expressed concern that street children and rsquo; s self very deeply. Self-esteem refers to the extent that they expect to be accepted and valued by adults and peers who are important to them. Despite the self-esteem has been studied for over 100 years, specialists and educators continue to debate its precise nature and development. But generally agree that parents and other adults who are important to children play an important role in establishing a solid foundation for child development.
What is self - esteem?
When parents and teachers of young children about the need for good self - esteem, usually means that children must have “good feelings” about themselves . With young children, children of self-esteem refers to the extent that they expect to be accepted and valued by adults and peers who are important to them.
Children with a healthy self - esteem feel that the important adults in their lives accept them, care about them, and leave their way to ensure they are safe and well. They feel that adults are upset if what happened to them and be lost if separated. Children with low self - esteem, on the other hand, believe that the important adults and peers in their lives do not accept them, do not worry about them much, and not leave their way to ensure their safety and well-being.
During its early years, young children’s self-esteem is based largely on their perceptions of how the important adults in their lives judge them. The extent to which children believe they have the characteristics valued by peers and adults in their lives figures greatly in the development of self - esteem. For example, in families and communities that value athletic ability highly, children who excel in athletics is likely to have a high level of self - esteem, whereas children who are less athletic or who have been criticized for being physically inept or clumsy are likely to suffer from low self - esteem.
families, communities and ethnic and cultural groups vary in the criteria on which self - esteem based.
Children with self - esteem
Keep free - it believes is necessary for all living humans. Is the daily food of emotional health. Mother Teresa said that “each of us has a mission to accomplish, a mission to live, but must begin in our homes …. In the place where we are, with people when we are closer, and then extended ”
building self-esteem in children, creating opportunities for success, providing of a positive self - image are important factors influencing a child’s healthy development.
The lack of self-harm that a child’s self-image may interfere with a child’s ability to learn and interact.
To improve a child’s self-esteem is to be a positive force in a relationship of love and thus make a valuable contribution to the world.
Many parents are unwittingly helping their children to and not have low self-esteem.
We must first define what every child needs. Each child must obtain parental approval.
For your own sense of the person or
their sense of ability shown by his
or your sense of individuality
realistic to achieve the objectives set
to provide a framework for meaningful values
typical sources of low self-esteem in children
In most cases, low self-esteem in children stems from unfortunate childhood experiences . The greatest gift we as parents can give our children a good self-esteem. When we are not unwittingly give to build esteem in our children. Parents
own low self-esteem is a model for the child A child
the lack of recognition and appreciation by parents and others as intrinsically valuable and important a person can self-esteem in March. Phrases such as “Children should be seen and not heard” Mother knows best “, etc to prove that the child’s needs, feelings, desires and opinions are not given due consideration. A child does
sometimes self-deprecating comparisons of himself with his own age whom I admired for his strength and skill, popularity, self-confidence and their achievements. To make matters worse, her parents, relatives and friends compare him unfavourite brother or sister. This imposes on the child with devastating feeling of inferiority.
A child feels inadequate because it is stimulated and motivated to be independent, to what it can do for himself - to take responsibility for its ability as it grows in age and experience. The child is not taught to think for himself.
The false concepts, values and reactions of a child from parents, teachers and peers, doing what they identify with their actions. For example, Mohan, whose mother had a severe migraine, is a “bad boy” because suddenly the door. Whereas in reality it was only his natural exuberance and lack of conscience that caused the event. This can load the child with self condemnation, shame, guilt and remorse.
Duras and demanding parents set reasonable standard, often raising them before the child has developed the ability to meet them. Parents may also bring their children to unreasonable, harsh and unfair criticism and / or inconsistent punishment. These actions cause frustration early, defeatism, and a destructive sense of inadequacy and inferiority.
A child pushes beyond their capacity for parental support needs to achieve a sense of value and importance to the child ’s achievements often causes a deep sense of inadequacy and unworthiness in the child.
fruitless rivalry and emulation of a very bright or gifted brother or sister, or an exceptional talent and outstanding parents often creates a deep sense of inferiority and hopelessness. A child
unfavorable to the physical appearance and / or “probability” of clothes, perhaps more physical, mental, emotional harm or disadvantage to their sense of self.
A child raised on the basis of “reward and punishment, rather than being motivated by the understanding and makes his own mistakes and to accept and resolve, by rioja who suffer the consequences develops low self-esteem.
adverse economic, social, cultural, ethnic or position of parents and family often invite ridicule and depreciation.
Over possessiveness, over permissiveness, and exert undue control in one or both parents, feeds a sense of the United Nations - the importance and lack of self - in children.
a serious sense of guilt is often induced by material wealth or wealthy backgrounds.
High values instead of money, and achievement rather than on the person and their innate worth, you can destroy or prevent self - esteem.
repeated defeats and failures can destroy the sense of self-esteem and result in one or both ends. The child can become a drop-out or the company or can become a compulsive goals in more than a desperate attempt to prove himself ”
Procrastination and lack of self - discipline, taking the path of least resistance, they tend to destroy self-esteem and sense of value.
lack of sense of meaning and purpose in life, clear goals and objectives, are opposed to the free sound - esteem; Key to High Self - esteem.
The secret to inner peace lies in self - assertion.
Need for the study
Bring to the final, many studies have focused on street children situation analysis, case studies and a study on street children in the independence of the variations of sex, age, education, relationship between father and mother were carried out.
However, no study was carried out in relation to street children self - esteem and so I have this problem for my study project. Because street children are a major component of developing countries. but not in the mainstream of society. which is neglected in the family, school and social settings, whether they have self - esteem about themselves that is not recognized by the existing social system. street children into society, the perception is negative.
summery
AND CONCLUSION
Many psychologists argue that our self-image is affected by the experience of all kinds. We have successes, failures, praise, record their personal experiences, our hopes and expectations of others in us.
In 1657, Augustine Baker, a Benedictine monk, theologian and mystic declared “self - esteem, self - and self-judgment - that” we must be the requirement of independence, term has been used by scholars in Latin America and ancient Greeks, Plato, Aristotle and others. Report synonyms are “self”, “self-consequence,” “balance,” “trust,” “guarantee,” “Pride” or “self.” Antonyms are “self - doubt” and “self - effacement” to “self-hatred and shame.”
Therefore, self-esteem provides a crucial thread that links together various aspects of operation. Low self - esteem has been linked to confusion and disorganization in the construction of a system. It seems that the low level of driftnets interrogation developed to test the construction of others does not mean that a very low level of questioning when the networks are based on the construction of self.
No society can afford to ignore the street children. They are the future of society. They must be integrated into the mainstream of social development and be given opportunities to grow in good physical and mental health in an appropriate social environment.
The focus of human resource development has to be applied while dealing with the whole team, and it is certain that, given all the opportunities for their development, their turn, can contribute greatly to the development of society.
This study was conducted primarily to assess the level of self - esteem among street children and children of school age to determine the possible reasons for higher or lower self - esteem.
Objective To study the level of self - esteem among street children and children of school age.
Objective To find the level of self - esteem among school children and street children.
To find the level of self-esteem among boys and girls among the street children and children of school age.
To develop and recommend remedial measures to overcome the low elf esteem of street children.
Scenarios
There will be a significant difference between school children and street children on their level of self - esteem.
There will be a significant difference between street children and girls in their level of self - esteem.
There will be a significant difference between street children and school children on their level of self - esteem.
There will be a significant difference between the street girls and girls in the school of their level of self - esteem.
There will be a significant difference between school children on their level of self - esteem.
sampling
Using random sampling method to study the 120 street children and the school were selected from among 120 children, 60 were male and 60 were girls. Their age ranged from 12 to 17 years. Justification for the selection of age, ie under 12 years children are not able to recognize and express their self - esteem correctly, so over 12 years has been selected for the study.
tool used
The index of self-esteem by Walter W. Hudson was found to be the most appropriate instrument to measure self - esteem levels. The total questionnaire is 25
Statistical Analysis
Collected
The date was analyzed, the mean, standard deviation, ‘t’ value in order to test the hypothesis
Findings
The level of self - esteem of school-age children is lower than the level of street children, which means that street children have a high level of self - esteem.
There is no gender difference in the level of self-esteem of street children.
The level of self-esteem of street children is higher than the school children.
The level of self - esteem of street girls is higher than the school girls.
The level of self - esteem of girls in school is higher than the school children.
Conclusion
An analysis of the data is collected, the following conclusion was reached a. The level of self - esteem identified by school children is lower than the street children, which means that street children have a high level of self - esteem. The level of self - esteem developed by street children and children is the same. The level of self-esteem gained by the street children is higher than the school children. The level of self - esteem shown by the street girls is higher than the school girls. Limitations
The sample was restricted only in the group aged 12 years 17 years
street and school children.
and was conducted only in Chennai city.
The sample size was small.
esteem questionnaires were given to school children and street children separately. Implications of the study
One of the first steps in promoting healthy self - esteem in children is: to establish good relations with they. Good people, the relationship is ultimately what the world is. Relationships that are mutually love and caring, honest and supportive to create a healthy environment and a growing human self - esteem.
Emotionally, children are easily threatened by any older person, or older who are not sure yet possession - have generally developed defended adults, children sense self remains fragile and vulnerable, easily toppled. For example, children often do not understand the difference between chronological age can make in your performance. younger children may feel stupid, because his older brothers seem more intelligent. not account for older children have more time than for learning skills, physical growth, improved muscle control, and practical experience in sports mare, school, arts and so on . Small children need to understand that years ago may be in the eye, but not necessarily intelligence.
When threats they receive from others, they think of themselves as unlovable, incompetent, irrelevant and wanted a misfit. threatens the sense of insecurity shame, failure and fear abound in it. So the threat is too be avoided. Adults
What can I do to boost the self - esteem in children?
Recognize the right of the child to emotions.
provides outlets for strong feelings.
have time for feelings to cool off.
connect with their strong emotions.
something to help relieve physical stress.
show that is acceptable or even undesirable.
encourage children to talk to other adults.
help children by telling stories.
what can parents do?
Apart from this, to build a great car - believed to children, parents need.
Be an example of self - worth, self - p love and celebration.
respect your child as a single ever - to be repeated miracle of sound.
Lead your child feel loved, valued and respected for his own car.
Make your child responsible for their actions and behavior.
Help your child feel capable of accomplishing things on their own.
Show your child that every day is filled with joys and wonderful experiences.
Give sincere praise and gratitude for every good experience.
Let your child find his car through his leadership. Do not make him a robot or rubber stamp of yourself.
Investing time and energy to help your child achieve greatness.
lead your child to improve in each case, not compete with others who may be smarter or richer beautiful. These rules are false and the greatness of all, but it feels like a loser to a winner who is doing his best for his own good. Be consistent in your discipline and your child to agree to conduct. Empress praise for good behavior and not destroy the value of praise for the commendable restraint when there is improper conduct. Teach children not to use humiliation Teach them how to give them the self - supporting self - worth and self - safely.
Parents can play an important role in strengthening children self - esteem by treating them fully, taking their views and opinions seriously, and expressing appreciation to them above all, parents should note that the self - esteem is an important part of every child’s development.
